Hamlet s Treatment Towards Gertrude - 994 Words

Hamlet’s treatment towards Gertrude (mother) is not unreasonable but the way Hamlet treats Ophelia is a little harsh in the beginning when she is completely innocent. Further along through the play Hamlet’s treatment towards Ophelia can be considered reasonable since she basically decided to side with Claudius and Polonius. The way in which Hamlet treats Gertrude and Ophelia doesn’t seem to be a part of the misogyny in the culture. Hamlet does seem to possess a great hatred for women, especially the women in his close circle of peers. The hatred he has for women is strong and visible to readers. The way Hamlet treats Gertrude is completely just. Hamlet feels his mother has betrayed him because she married his father’s murderer shortly after his father was killed. Hamlet expected his mother, the loving wife of his deceased father, to grieve and never marry again or at least not after two months but Gertrude did. Also, by Gertrude marrying a bad man such as Claudius has caused Hamlet to believe that Gertrude is a bad person and she is not to be trusted. Hamlet thinks that his mother may have been a part of his father’s murder. Hamlet treats her just as he treats Claudius because Hamlet feels Gertrude is no better. Hamlet has the right to be angry and expresses it the way he seems fit and his mother deserves such treatment. Gertrude did move rather quickly after Hamlet’s father passed and she didn’t seem to be fazed by his father’s death anymore. If the readers were inShow MoreRelatedHamlet s Attitude And Treatment Of His Mother1522 Words   |  7 PagesModern folklore suggests women look at a man s relationship with his mother to predict how they will treat other women in their life. Hamlet is a good example of a son s treatment of his mother reflecting how he will treat the woman he loves because when considering Hamlet s attitude and treatment of the Ophelia in William Shakespeare s play, Hamlet, one mu st first consider how Hamlet treated his mother. A characteristic of Hamlet s personality is to make broad, sweeping generalizations andRead MoreConflict Between Hamlet And Laerte By William Shakespeare1564 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout Hamlet, several characters die. For most, this happens through combat, such as the duel between Hamlet and Laerte, which kills them both. In the play, however, two characters die in quick, seemingly careless ways. The first, the fair Ophelia, is killed by her own madness in what seems to be suicide. The other, Gertrude, dies due to the carelessness of her husband, who accidentally poisons her. In both of these cases, their deaths, and the events that led to them, represent a differenceRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare Essay1580 Words   |  7 PagesIn the play Hamlet by William Shakespeare, it is clear that Hamlet’s character is truly a puzzled one. It is no secret that Hamlet is displeased with his life and the relationships around him. William Shakespeare in evaluating Hamlet’s relationship with his mother Gertrude and lover Ophelia creates an interesting love-hate relationship. Gertrude and Ophelia both deeply care for Hamlet but he does not seem to recognize that love and is instead blinded by his father’s revenge. Throughout the play,Read MoreThe Role Of Women Throughout Shakespeare s Hamlet 1173 Words   |  5 PagesThe Role of Women in Hamlet In today’s society, women have many rights and freedom to make their own decisions and have their own say towards their own issues and role. However, years ago it was considered normal for women to be oppressed and how no choices but obey men in their lives. The roles of women in Hamlet by Shakespeare are simply weak since they are dependent on the male models in their lives, allow them to make their decisions and they do not have strong voices within the play’s societyRead MoreThe Lady Of Shalott, By William Shakespeare1709 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s play Hamlet, has become a staple in contemporary society. Apart from the multitude of ingenious in this play, the character of Ophelia particularly places great importance on modern day woman. Ophelia’s importance throughout the play has been many times viewed as only her relation to Hamlet and the effect she has on him. Ophelia is important not just in this sense, but in respect of what she tells the reader about the society she lived in, in contrast to the society one livesRead More The Love Of Hamlet For Ophelia in Shakespeares Hamlet Essay1537 Words   |  7 PagesThe Love Of Hamlet For Ophelia in Shakespeares Hamlet Hamlet is without any reservations, one of Shakespeares most mystifying plays. Although the play has a concise story, it is filled with many uncertainties relating to different issues behind the plot. The reader is left with many uncertainties about the true feelings of prince Hamlet. One question in particular is, did Hamlet really love Ophelia? This dispute can be reinforced either way, however I believe Hamlet was truly in love withRead MoreVillage Is With No Reservations, One Of ShakespeareS Most1636 Words   |  7 Pageswith no reservations, one of Shakespeare s most perplexing plays. In spite of the fact that the play has a succinct story, it is loaded with numerous instabilities identifying with various issues behind I think Shakespeare made it an indicate be for conflicting to add to the numerous riddles of Hamlet s character and in addition enable perusers to identify with Hamlet?s complex personality. That is the thing that makes a play so intriguing to a reader?s mind?whe n one can put themselves in the shoesRead MoreHamlet As A Nihilism1566 Words   |  7 Pages William Shakespeare s Hamlet portrays as multitude of ideas, meanings and interpretations. In this essay, I will focus on analyzing Hamlet through the post-modern existential lens of nihilism. Nihilism has five main types; political, moral, epistemological, cosmic, and existential. Throughout the course of the play, Hamlet shows many characteristics that showcase these principles , such as apathy and despair. Hamlet is a nihilist character because through his actions of mania and despair heRead MoreElizabethan England - The Period Of William Shakespeare1801 Words   |  8 Pageswere socially degraded and taught they were inferior to men. In his play, Hamlet, Shakespeare s perception is thoroughly displayed as women are victimized and presented as inferiors; objects that assist or hinder the action of men. Specifically, Gertrude and Ophelia are displayed as instruments of deceit, fragil e-minded women with a dependence on men, and the cause for their own source of maltreatment and degradation. Gertrude almost immediately falls under the emotional spell of Claudius and allowsRead MoreThe Sexism Of Women And Women s Power, Possibilities, And Fair Treatment2045 Words   |  9 Pages The sexism in Shakespearean time against women limited the women s power, possibilities, and fair treatment. The play Hamlet written by William Shakespeare illustrated the gender inequality and the affects it has on the two female characters in the play Ophelia and Gertrude. The social and legal roles and rules for women mere a major impact on how the women lived and what was expected of them. Religion has limited women in regards to their position to men, making them inferior

The Once And Future King s Lasting Lessons Essay

Maral Khoyazim Ms. Churchill English 2 Honors, Period 5 28 September 2016 The Once and Future King’s Lasting Lessons In times of crisis, people must rely on their morals and wisdom to come to a solution. Often times, people do not have enough knowledge stored in their minds to make a wise decision. However, if people would read between the lines of books, they would come to the realization that there are many life lessons to learn from the wise words of authors. Throughout the novel The Once and Future King, three major themes are presented. These themes include war is destructive, people should not try to alter their destiny, and family is not always loyal. All three of these themes are presented multiple times and three different characters enforce each one. War is synonymous with destruction. Humanity has dealt with war since the beginning of time, yet people continue to start it, despite the bloodshed and trauma. It isn’t until thousands of lives are lost that people begin to wonder if the war they’ve been fighting is truly worth i t. In The Once and Future King, King Arthur was exposed to the consequences of war as a young boy when Merlyn transformed him into an ant. He saw the horrors of being around bloodthirsty, ruthless beings. Right before the ants were about to fight, Arthur had a moment of reflection, â€Å"The time for war came soon enough. The preparations were in order, the soldiers were drilled to the last ounce, the walls of the nest had patriotic slogansShow MoreRelatedMy Manifesto By Dr. Martin Luther King799 Words   |  4 Pagesindividuals have genuine hatred and anger toward others who have done them wrong. In life, many individuals are allowing this hatred and anger to cause additional problems. This can all be prevented if we allow ourselves to forgive. Dr. Martin Luther King once said â€Å"We must develop and maintain the capacity to forgive. He who is devoid of the power to forgive is devoid of the power to love. There is some good in the worst of us and some evil in the best of us. W hen we discover this, we are less prone toRead MoreMovie Review : The Guilty Prison Essay1488 Words   |  6 Pagesbecause I am passionate about this film and how they make it seem so real and the lessons you can lessons you can learn from them. My purpose of this film review is to persuade people that this is an amazing film and a lot of life lessons that come with it. Title: The Guilty Prison Displacement The Shawshank redemption is drama film directed by Frank Darabont set in the Shawshank State Prison through the 1930’s to the 1940’s time period in the USA. Director Darabont has been nominated for multiple academyRead MoreComparison Of Braveheart And Ahmad Ibn Fadlan From The 13th Warrior1855 Words   |  8 Pagesmission and improve the organization†. This essay will analyze two different leaders, William Wallace from Braveheart and Ahmad ibn Fadlan from The 13th Warrior. After analyzing each leader, this essay will transition to compare the leadership lessons, concepts, perspectives, and styles I observed. Then this essay will suggest how Army leaders can employ the aforementioned perceptions to motivate others to accomplish missions and improve their organizations. Additionally, this essay will recommendRead MoreThe Iran Iraq War1566 Words   |  7 Pages1980 to August 1998, which made it the longest conventional war of the 20th century. The consequence of the war cost billions of dollars and millions of lives. The result of the war, although stalemate would be a critical factor that would shape the future of the Middle East. The historical deep-rooted hostile relationship that emanated from the ethnic Arab-Persian and religious Sunni- Shi’ite tensions between the two neighbouring countries contributed to the conditions necessary for war. Although manyRead MoreMarie Antoinette The Journey By Antonia Fraser1957 Words   |  8 PagesAntoinette s time in France was tainted. Her failures were great, and her verdict was deadly betrayal. Marie Antoinette The Journey, written by Antonia Fraser sheds light on Marie Antoinette’s failures and achievements throughout her short existence. As Antonia Fraser presses deeper into the life of the ill-fated Queen, she reveals the innermost personality of Marie Antoinette s sincere intentions surrounding her life as a lonely queen, neglected wife, and loving mother. Fraser s work deliversRead MoreDiscuss Advantages and Disadvantages of Inflation Targeting, with Special References to the Case of the Uk.3333 Words   |  14 Pagesperformance today does not guarantee good economic performance in the future central banks develop strategies that provide not just good economic performance today but also stability and growth in the future. One of those strategies is inflation targeting. [1] 1.1 Definition: The definition of inflation targeting is in itself part controversial. I will consider a few definitions given by the ECB, Ben Bernanke et al. and Mervyn King. The ECB defines inflation targeting as â€Å"a monetary policy strategyRead MoreThe Rise Of The Elizabethan Theatre1846 Words   |  8 Pagesso much time creating these things rather than feeling obligated to contribute in a more tangible way. Storytelling, Retold Since the dawn of man, humans have been storytellers. Whether fantasizing about the origins of the stars or passing along lessons from generation to generation, mankind has always told stories. The rise of the theater, however, put together a whole new approach to this ancient art. For one, the rise of theatrics gave humanity a whole new medium through which to tell their talesRead More Changing the Military with Servant Leadership Essay2609 Words   |  11 Pagessignificance of the leadership change, followed by an examination of three notable characteristics of servant leadership and their historical influence through the eyes of a famous leader. Whether one studies Sun Tzu’s â€Å"The Art of War†, Martin Luther King Jr.’s extraordinary passion for equality, or even Vince Lombardi’s coaching genius, one can easily find models for inspirational leadership and strategies for success. 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Management control systems and organizational development: New directions for managing work teams. 7 9. King, S. Wright, M. (2007). Building Internal Change Management Capability at Constellation Energy. 7 10. Lalonde, C. (2007). Crisis Management and Organizational Development:

Edp250 Pt 4 Free Essays

Introduction The purpose of this easy is to compare and contrast two art lessons in relation to authentic arts learning and integration. The lessons will be sourced from the internet and both will be examples of using objects in the natural environment to create a painting. The lessons were designed for students in grades two to six. We will write a custom essay sample on Edp250 Pt 4 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Discussion Authentic arts is as noted by Dinham,(2011) arts that incorporates learning involving integration necessitates, making connections across the curriculum between subject areas or disciplines and providing opportunities for students to witness and engage the relationships, transfer their knowledge and apply their learning through these connections. To make this happen there needs to be a move to prepare classroom teachers to become aware of art, and ways of delivering a successful lesson. Smilan and Marzilli miraglia (2009) notes, that â€Å"teachers need clarification about what art integration is and what it entails. We believe that true authentic art- integrated learning places visual arts content at the centre of teaching and learning (p. 39)†. Meaning every teacher must continue to up skill their own knowledge of art and understands the elements to delivering an authentic art lesson requires(Dinham,2011). Art is more than painting, drawing and play dough; it is not merely a time filler at school, so teacher can have a break, or a bit of fun. Dinham, (2011) suggest that teachers need to understand what art gives their students, and how art provides a connectedness to society and their own identity and meaning. Art provides students the opportunities to problem solve, express their needs and emotion, be creative, try new experience and more importantly teachers need to appreciate authentic arts programmes as a significant importance in the curriculum. Lessons Lesson one demonstrates a well prepared art lesson and in lesson two, many elements of creating an effective authentic arts lesson are missing. Both lesson one and two require students to use natural items found in the environment to create a painting. Both lessons would be suited for students in grades two to six, and comprises elements of authentic arts. Below is a table that show what elements of authentic arts are essential when delivering an arts class. Required characteristics| Example| 1. Has connections across the curriculum| Lessons makes links to other curriculum such as maths, history etc. | 2. Uses understanding of multiple intelligences and different learning styles| Such as Howard Gardner concepts of multiple intelligence. | 3. Is themed and examines the theme in different areas| Such as dinosaurs, outdoor garden, countries. 4. Uses different modes of learning incorporated into different areas| Such as reading, singing, creating, comparing, contrasting, discussing. | 5. Lessons relate to real life tasks, that draw on a range of knowledge and skills across the curriculum| Lesson would encourage students to use prior knowledge of the task at hand. | 6. Learning’s provide opportunity for students to see relationsh ips, transfer and apply learning and make connections across the curriculum| The lesson has been enriched with elements of real life experience and understanding. | 7. Activities are Instrumental and/or intrinsic| Instrumental, lessons that extend beyond the immediate lesson. Intrinsic lessons relates to the learning gained through the lesson Dinham,(2011). | Table is adapted from PowerPoint presentation Integration. Curtin University, (2012). Using this table as a guide the below lessons well be corresponded with the number from the above table showing which part of the lesson address each charatritcs. Lesson one: Retrieved from http://contemporaryartscenter. org/images/lessonplans/mughal-miniatures_natural-beauty. pdf Mughal Miniature Paintings: Natural Beauty Grades: 2nd-7th Visual Arts Developed By: Kristen M. Woods Lesson Description: Mughal miniature painting originated during the 16th century in the Mughal Empire which spanned what are now India, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Pakistan. This art form is marked by careful attention of small detail, lush jewel tones, epic subject matter, and miniature scale. All of the Miniature artists that are participating in the Contemporary Arts Center’s exhibition Realms of Intimacy have studied at the National College of Arts (NCA) in Lahore, Pakistan. The NCA is renowned for its program dedicated to the centuriesold tradition of Mughal miniature painting which flourished from 1526 to 1857. The extremely selective school takes only a dozen of its accepted students to pursue the intensive major of miniature painting. This major at the NCA mimics a traditional eight year apprenticeship in two years of schooling. The meticulous technique begins with the posture of the students. The students are required to be seated on the floor for hours a day, hold their papers close to their eyes and brace their painting arms against their body. Their posture is essential to mastering the tiny brushstrokes needed to create pieces with such fine details. They spend their first year and a half copying historical works and learning to make their own tools. Only in the final half year are they allowed to explore their own creative devices. There is an extreme mental discipline that goes along with every aspect of being a miniature painter. The style is based on old traditions. One brush is still composed of a single squirrel hair. Mussel shells are used as mixing bowls for their organic paints. These natural paints are made from raw materials like vegetables, fruits, oil, soil, lime, indigo and lapis lazuli and on occasion eggs, gold powder, and silver foil. Through this program students must master ultra-fine figure drawing and brushwork, tea staining of page borders and burnishing of paper surfaces; all essential to practices that were used centuries ago. For this project, students will explore natural materials that can be used to dye paper and make paints then use their homemade materials to make their own versions of Mughal miniature paintings Objectives: ? Use problem solving to figure out natural materials they can use and combine to make paints and also dye paper Learn about the process that Mughal miniature painters go through when creating a piece Create their own composition based on Mughal miniature paintings Materials and Resources: Watercolor paper Tea, coffee, and cranberry juice Lard, Butter, Solid and liquid vegetable oil Spices, mustard, dirt, grass, fru its and vegetables, and other natural materials that can stain Paint brushes Small containers with lids (paint storage) Aprons/paint shirts Links and Books on natural paint mixing and Mughal Miniatures; http://www. hyoomik. com/images/egg. html http://www. sairawasim. com/ http://www. ambreenbutt. com/web/home. php http://www. ambreenbutt. com/web/works. php Whiles, Virginia. (2010). Art and Polemic in Pakistan: Cultural Politics and Tradition in Contemporary Miniature Painting. Edwards, Lynn. (2003). The Natural Paint Book. Critical Questions: How are cultural practices and traditions passed down and continued over time? Why are they important? Is process important in relation to product? What if miniaturist painters used synthetic materials? Would it change the look of the work? The Emotion? Activities: Preliminary Discussion: Discuss process with students; how artists begin a piece as opposed to showing them the finished product first. Then look through some images of contemporary Mughal Miniaturist paintings by Ambreen Butt and Saira Wasim whom still use tea staining and hand mixed pigments from natural materials. Discuss briefly the imagery and subject used in the works and the meanings behind them. With older students you may be able to get them to discuss some of the political satire seen in Saira Wasim’s work Art Activity: Start the project by dying paper. Using tea, coffee, or even fruit juice; have students dip a piece of watercolor paper into a large container full of the liquid of their choosing. Leave the paper in the liquid for at least 15 minutes and check on how well the liquid is dying the paper (don’t leave the paper in for too long because it will start disintegrating). Once the paper has a nice color all around, take it out and leave it to dry for about 24 hours. Next, have students mix their paints. Find some things either outside or maybe in the refrigerator that can stain. Things like grass, dirt, berries, flowers, mustard, and spices would work well. Have students use lard, solid or liquid vegetable oil, or butter to grind and mix their natural materials together making a thick paint. Have each student make at least three different color paints. They may share paints when it’s time to use them. Have students use a paint brush with their homemade paints to create their own miniature painting on their dyed paper. This project is more about process and nderstanding materials so the composition can be very simple especially with younger students. You might suggest they do a composition showcasing the natural materials they use to make their materials like flowers, fruit, etc. Assessment: Students have dyed a piece of paper using tea, coffee, or fruit juice Students have mixed their own paints using fat and natural materials Student s have used their paints and dyed paper to create their own miniature paintings Lesson two: Retrieved from http://www. kinderart. com/painting/plantdye. shtml PLANT DYE PAINTS Grade: 2-6    †¢    Age: 6-12 †¢Ã‚   Written by: Kim Swanger [Kim is a K-3 art teacher at Lakeview and Central Elementary Schools in Council Bluffs, Iowa. ] | Objectives: Students will learn that plants are a source of natural dyes and paints. This is a good lesson to show how pioneers or early civilizations may have used plant dyes to color cloth. What You Need: * crock pots * beets * spinach or kale * black walnuts in the shell * dry onion skins * paint brushes * paper What You Do: 1. Discuss with the students that before we had synthetic dyes, people had to make their own paints and dyes using plants and other resources available. Show the students the nuts and vegetables you have and ask how the pioneers may have used these materials. 2. The night before the painting lesson, place beets, spinach or kale, walnuts, and onion skins in separate crock pots with enough water to barely cover them. Cook all night. The following morning, the water in each of these pots should have turned into natural dyes. The beet water will be magenta, the onion water will be amber, the spinach or kale water will be a light green and the black walnut water will be brown. 3. Pour a small amount of paint into bowls and ask students to smell them. Discuss which vegetable made which paint. 4. Provide brushes and paper (plain or coloring pages) and permit students to paint using the natural dyes. 5. After the painting experience, ask students what other natural materials might make dyes the pioneers could have used. Experiment with student suggestions. Note: If black walnuts are not available, VERY STRONG coffee or tea makes an adequate brown dye. Berries can also be used to make colorful dyes. Currently, red dye is commonly made from a parasite that lives on cacti. Both lessons are similar in terms of requiring students to use natural objects to create a painting; However a teacher using lesson one, their students would gain a deeper understanding of authentic art, and acquire skills that they can use across curriculum, as it demonstrates modes of learning and teaching strategies which enables each students to expression and understand what is required. It also uses scaffold learning, which enable students to see examples of what they could achieve, but also gives the history and reasoning behind why they are required to do this activity. This enables students to take an educational value from the lesson, rather than doing it just for merely fun (Dinham,2011). Although lesson two also has real world connection and can be intergraded into other curriculums it is its lack of depth to which it can do this that makes it the inferior of the two lessons. Lesson two can link to history whereas lesson one can relate to multiple curriculums, making this a more intergraded lesson to benefit student learning’s (Dinham, 2011). Lesson one has provided more elements of real life experience for students that they can compare contrast between a variety of objects they have used from the environment, from vegetables to plants and so forth. Whereas lesson two only focuses on one element. Both lesson one and two are instrumental meaning that they extend beyond the immediate arts experience (Dinham,2011) but again it would be lesson one that take this experience further as it looks at the impact the lesson has upon students learning as a whole. Overall, lesson two does not tick the boxes for authentic arts integrated learning in the way that lesson one does. Lesson one provides a real and authentic learning experience that incorpatres connections to other areas of the curriculum, using modes of learning and teaching strategies which encourage and support every learner in the classroom regardless of skill or ability, all essential fact in delivering an authentic arts experience. References Curtin University, (2012). Course Notes. PP2 Integration. Retrieved fromhttps://lms. curtin. edu. au/webapps/portal/frameset. jsp? tab_tab_group_id=_4_1url=%2Fwebapps%2Fblackboard%2Fexecute%2Flauncher%3Ftype%3DCourse%26id%3D_47595_1%26url%3D Dinham, J. (2011). Delivering authentic arts education. South Melbourne, Victoria: Cengage Learning. How to cite Edp250 Pt 4, Essay examples

Psy 240 the Nature-Nurture Issue free essay sample

The Nature-Nurture Issue The nature versus nurture perspectives have been have been argued for centuries. The pro-nature perspective follows the theory that genetics and biological inheritance determine behavior, internal forces or stimuli; the pro-nurture perspective follows the belief or theory that experience and environment determine behavior, external forces or external stimuli. The psychology field known as biopsychology researches the aspects of both perspectives using critical thinking and research practices to determine the effects of both of these perspectives on human behavior; the control groups used in experimentation can be human or non-human subjects of a similar species. (Pinel. (2009)). The flaw in attempting to determine what degree of behavior is attributed to nature and what degree is attributed to nurture is that both of these perspectives play a role in how and why a behavior is exhibited. Some of the behaviors which individuals exhibit can be linked to animal or primal instinct, these are behaviors based on nature; however, we must consider that the primal fears we have as children such as fear of the dark, often no longer exhibited in the individual as an adult. We will write a custom essay sample on Psy 240 the Nature-Nurture Issue or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This change in the behavior can be attributed to experience over time, the nurture perspective agrees with experience’s influence in behavior. (Pinel. (2009)). The brain is the central focus of the study of biopsychology, and researchers have determined that the brain’s functions are responsible for human behavior; research has determined the neuroplasticity theory of the brain changing based on both genetics and experience. The neuroplasticity of the human brain can be used as an example of why it is important to consider how much of behavior is based on genetics and how much is based on environment; however, it would be difficult if not impossible to determine what portion of behavior is nature or nurture because both effect behavior based on the neuroplasticity theory There are genetic factors that can affect behavior; however, experience and nurturing can assist in controlling some behaviors based on learning or the xpectations set for an individual. This idea makes sense that both genetics (nature) and environment (nurture) play important roles in behavior, the behavior of an individual may change over the course of a lifetime. (Pinel. (2009)). Reference Pinel, J. P. J. (2009). Biopsychology. Boston, MA: Pearson.

Pollution and Its Various Forms Essay Example

Pollution and Its Various Forms Paper Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that causes adverse change. Pollution can take the form of chemical substances or energy, such as noise, heat or light. Pollutants, the components of pollution, can be either foreign substances/energies or naturally occurring contaminants. Pollution is often classed as point source or Nippon source pollution. Forms of pollution The major forms of pollution are listed below along with the particular contaminant relevant to each of them: * Air pollution : The release of chemicals and particulates into the atmosphere. Common gaseous pollutants include carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons (CIFS) and nitrogen oxides produced by industry and motor vehicles. Photochemical ozone and smog are created as nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons react to sunlight. Particulate matter or fine dust is characterized by their micrometer size IMO to PM. 5. * Light pollution : Includes light trespass, over. Illumination and astronomical interference. Littering : The criminal throwing of inappropriate man-made objects, unredeemed, onto public and * Noise pollution : which encompasses roadway noise, riveter properties. Aircraft noise, industrial noise as well as high-intensity sonar. * Soil contamination : occurs when chemicals are released by spill or underground leakage. Among the most significant soil contaminants are hydrocarbons, heavy metals, METE herbicides, pesticides and chlorinated hydrocarbons. Radioactive contamination : resulting from 20th century activities in atomic physics, such as nucl ear power generation and nuclear weapons research, manufacture and deployment. (See alpha emitters and actinides in the environment. ) * Thermal pollution : -is a temperature change in natural eater bodies caused by human influence, such as use of water as coolant in a power plant. * Visual pollution : -which can refer to the presence of overhead power lines, motorway billboards, scarred landforms (as from strip mining), open storage of trash, municipal solid waste or space debris. Water pollution : by the discharge of wastewater from commercial and industrial waste (intentionally or through spills) into surface waters; discharges of untreated domestic sewage, and chemical contaminants, such as chlorine, from treated sewage; release of waste and contaminants into reface runoff flowing to surface waters (including urban runoff and agricultural runoff, which may contain chemical fertilizers and pesticides); waste disposal and leaching into groundwater; transportation and littering. P ollutants A pollutant is a waste material that pollutes air, water or soil. We will write a custom essay sample on Pollution and Its Various Forms specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Pollution and Its Various Forms specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Pollution and Its Various Forms specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Three factors determine the severity of a pollutant: its chemical nature, the concentration and the persistence. * Pollutants are classified as: 1 . Degradable or Nan-persistent pollutants: Those which are rapidly broken down by natural processes e. G. Domestic sewage, discarded vegetables, etc. 2. Slowly-degradable or persistent pollutants: These remain in the environment for many years in an unchanged condition and take decades or longer to degrade e. G. EDT and most plastics * Non-degradable pollutants: These cannot be degraded by natural processes. They are difficult to eradicate and continue to accumulate. E. G. Toxic elements like lead or mercury and nuclear wastes Sources and causes Air pollution produced by ships may alter clouds, affecting global temperatures. Air pollution comes from both natural and human-made (anthropogenic) sources. However, globally human-made pollutants from ambition, construction, mining, agriculture and warfare are increasingly significant in the air pollution equation. Motor vehicle emissions are one of the leading causes of air pollution. China, United States, Russia, India Mexico, and Japan are the world leaders in air pollution emissions. Principal stationary pollution sources include chemical plants, coal-fired power plants, oil refineries, petrochemical plants, nuclear waste disposal activity, incinerators, large livestock farms (dairy cows, pigs, poultry, etc. ), PVC factories, metals production factories, plastics factories, and other heavy industry. Agricultural air pollution comes from contemporary practices which include clear felling and burning of natural vegetation as well as spraying of pesticides and herbicides. About 400 million metric tons of hazardous wastes are generated each year. The United States alone produces about 250 million metric tons. [ Americans constitute less than 5% of the worlds population, but produce roughly 25% of the worlds CA, and generate approximately 30% of worlds waste. Pollution can also be the consequence of a natural disaster. For example, hurricanes often involve water contamination from sewage, and theoretical spills from ruptured boats or automobiles. Larger scale and environmental damage is not uncommon when coastal oil rigs or refineries are involved. Some sources of pollution, such as nuclear power plants or oil tankers, can produce widespread and potentially hazardous releases when accidents occur. In the case of noise pollution the dominant source class is the motor vehicle, producing about ninety percent of all unwanted noise worldwide. Effects Human health Overview of main health effects on humans from some common types of pollution. Adverse air quality can kill many organisms including humans. Ozone pollution can cause respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease, throat inflammation, chest pain, and congestion. Water pollution causes approximately 14,000 deaths per day, mostly due to contamination of drinking water by untreated sewage in developing countries. An estimated 700 million Indians have no access to a proper toilet, and 1,000 Indian children die of diarrhea every day. [ Nearly 500 million Chinese lack access to safe drinking water. C 656,000 people die prematurely each year in China because of air pollution. In India, air pollution is believed to cause 527,700 totalities a year. Studies have estimated that the number of people killed annually in the US could be over 50,000. Oil spills can cause skin irritations and rashes. Noise pollution induces hearing loss, high blood pressure, stress, and sleep disturbance. Mercury has been linked to developmental deficits in children and neurological symptoms. Older people are major exposed to diseases induced by air pollution. Those with heart or lung disorders are under additional risk. Children and infants are also at serious risk. Lead and other heehaw metals have been shown to cause neurological problems. Chemical and radioactive substances can cause cancer and as well as birth defects. Environment pollution has been found to be present widely in the environment. There are a number of effects of this: * Pontifications describes situations where toxins (such as heavy metals) may pass through atrophic levels, becoming exponentially more concentrated in the process. * Carbon dioxide emissions cause ocean acidification, the ongoing decrease in the pH of the Earths oceans as CA becomes dissolved. * The emission of greenhouse gases leads to global warming which affects ecosystems in many ways. Invasive species can out compete native species and reduce biodiversity. Invasive plants can contribute debris and bimolecular (elephant) that can alter soil and chemical compositions of an environment, often reducing native species competitiveness. * Nitrogen oxides are removed from the air by rain and fertilize land which can change the species composition of ecosystems. * Smog and haze can reduce the amount of sunlight received by plants to carry out photosynthesis and leads to the production of troposphere ozone which damages plants. Soil can become infertile and unsuitable for plants. This will affect other organisms in the food web. * Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides can cause acid rain which lowers the pH value of soil. Environmental health information The Toxicology and Environmental Health Information Program (TEPID) at the United States National Library of Medicine (ML) maintains a comprehensive toxicology and environmental health web site that includes access to resource s produced by TEPID and by other government agencies and organizations. This web site includes links to databases, bibliographies, tutorials, and other scientific and consumer-oriented resources. TEPID also is responsible for the Toxicology Data Network (TOXINS) an integrated system of toxicology and environmental health databases that are available free of charge on the web. Regulation and monitoring To protect the environment from the adverse effects of pollution, many nations worldwide have enacted legislation to regulate various types of pollution as well as to mitigate the adverse effects of pollution. Pollution control Pollution control is a term used in environmental management. It means the control of emissions and effluents into air, water or soil. Without pollution intro, the waste products from consumption, heating, agriculture, mining, manufacturing, transportation and other human activities, whether they accumulate or disperse, will degrade the environment. In the hierarchy of controls, pollution prevention and waste minimization are more desirable than pollution control. In the field of land development, low impact development is a similar technique for the prevention of urban runoff. Practices * Recycling * Reusing * Waste minimization * Mitigating * Preventing * Compost Pollution control devices * Dust collection systems * Backhouses * Cyclones Electrostatic precipitation * Scrubbers * Baffle spray scrubber * Cyclonic spray scrubber * Ejector venture scrubber * Mechanically aided scrubber * Spray tower * Wet scrubber * Sewage treatment * Sedimentation (Primary treatment) * Activated sludge batterers (Secondary treatment; also used for industrial wastewater) * Aerated lagoons * Constructed wetlands (also used for urban runoff) * Industrial wastewater treatment * API oil-water separators * Filterers * Dissolved air flotation (DEAF) * powdered activated carbon treatment * alliteration * Vapor recovery systems * Phototypesetting Perspectives The earliest precursor of pollution generated by life forms would have been a natural function of their existence. The attendant consequences on viability and population levels fell within the sphere of natural selection. These would have included the demise of a population locally or ultimately, species extinction. Processes that were untenable would have resulted in a new balance brought about by changes and adaptations. At the extremes, for any form of life, consideration of pollution is superseded by that of survival. For human kind, the factor of technology is a distinguishing and critical inconsideration, both as an enabler and an additional source of byproducts. Short of survival, human concerns include the range from quality of life to health hazards. Since science holds experimental demonstration to be definitive, modern treatment of toxicity or environmental harm involves defining a level at which an effect is observable. Common examples of fields where practical measurement is crucial include automobile emissions control, industrial exposure (e. G. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Peels), toxicology (e. G. LEAD), and medicine (e. G. Medication and addition doses). The solution to pollution is dilution, is a dictum which summarizes a traditional approach to pollution management whereby sufficiently diluted pollution is not harmful. It is well-suited to some other modern, locally scoped applications such as laboratory safety procedure and hazardous material release emergency management. But it assumes that the diluting is in virtually unlimited supply for the application or that resulting dilutions are acceptable in all cases. Such simple treatment for environmental pollution on a wider scale might have had greater merit in earlier centuries hen physical survival was often the highest imperative, human population and densities were lower, technologies were simpler and their brood cuts more benign. But these are often no longer the case. Furthermore, advances have enabled measurement of concentrations not possible before. The use of statistical methods in evaluating outcomes has given currency to the principle of probable harm in cases where assessment is warranted but resorting to deterministic models is impractical or infeasible. In addition, consideration of the environment beyond direct impact on human beings has gained prominence. Yet in the absence of a superseding principle, this older approach predominates practices throughout the world. It is the basis by which to gauge concentrations of effluent for legal release, exceeding which penalties are assessed or restrictions applied. One such superseding principle is contained in modern hazardous waste laws in developed countries, as the process of diluting hazardous waste to make it non-hazardous is usually a regulated treatment process. Migration from pollution dilution to elimination in many cases can be confronted by challenging economical and technological barriers. Greenhouse gases and global warming Historical and projected CA emissions by country. Energy Information Administration. Source: Carbon dioxide, while vital for photosynthesis, is sometimes referred to as pollution, because raised levels of the gas in the atmosphere are affecting the Earth s climate. Disruption of the environment can also highlight the connection between areas of pollution that would normally be classified separately, such as those of water and air. Recent studies have investigated the potential for long-term rising levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide to cause slight but critical increases in the acidity of ocean waters, and the Seibel effects of this on marine ecosystems. Most polluted places in the developing world The Blacksmith Institute, an international non-for-profit organization dedicated to eliminating life-threaten inning pollution in the developing world, issues an annual list of some Of the worlds Worst polluted places. In the 2007 issues the ten top nominees, already industrialized countries excluded, are located in Azerbaijan, China, India, Peru, Russia, Ukraine and Zambia. Air pollution takes toll on Chinas tourism In this Jan. 29, 2013 photo, a man wears a mask on Attainment Square in thick haze in Beijing. China, one of the most visited countries in the world, has seen sharply fewer tourists this year, with worsening air pollution partly to blame. BEIJING ? China, one of the most visited countries in the world, has seen sharply fewer tourists this year ? with worsening air pollution partly to blame. Numbers of foreign visitors have declined following Januarys Airplanes, when already eye-searing levels of smog soared to new highs. Tourists have been put off by news about smog and other problems, said grand Iliac of travel agency Studious in Munich, Germany. He said the number f people booking trips to China through his company has fallen 1 6 percent this year. You are reading about smog. You are reading about political things, said Iliac. All the news which is coming from China concerning the non-tourist things are bad, frankly speaking. China is the worlds No. Destination for international travel after France and the United States. Weakness in visitor numbers could hurt government efforts to reduce reliance on trade-driven manufacturing by promoting cleaner service industries such as tourism. Foreign visitors are outnumbered by Chinese tourists but spend more. The decline could be long-term if Beijing fails to make visible progress in combating pollution, experts say. That Chinas air and water are badly polluted following three decades of breakneck growth is not news. But Januarys record-setting bout of smog got worldwide news coverage and was so bad some longtime foreign residents left the country. From January to June, the total number of foreign visitors, including business travelers and residents, entering China declined by 5 percent to just under 13 million compared with the same period last year, according to the China National Tourism Administration. Overall, visitors from Asia, Australia, Europe and the Americas all declined. In Beijing, with major attractions including the Great Wall and the Imperial Palace, the drop is even more striking. The number of foreign tourists visiting the Chinese capital fell by 15 percent in the first six months of the year to 1. 9 million, according to the Beijing Tourism Administration. The China National Tourism Administration acknowledges a decline in foreign tourists to China as a whole, and in cities including Beijing, Shanghai and Examine, a prosperous port city in the southeast. It blames the lobar economic slowdown and a stronger Chinese currency and says Chinas tourism image has been hurt by the emergence of HON. bird flu, air pollution and dead pigs found floating in Shanghais main river. The city of Aware in central Japan canceled a student exchange trip due to bad air. Eighteen Japanese students were due to visit the eastern coastal city of Shagging under an annual exchange program that goes back 30 years. Such trips might resume next year if conditions improve, said an employee of Arass city hall, Toshiba Nuking. Beijing official air quality reports show improvement ever recent years. But Steven Andrews, an environmental and legal consultant, said other data show a decline. An analysis of U. S. Embassy readings of smaller, more harmful airborne particles, show this years pollution is significantly worse than in the past three years, Andrews said. Beggings city government only started publicly releasing air quality data in January 201 2 that measured PM. 5, or fine particles smaller than 2. 5 micrometers in diameter. They can enter deep into the lungs and can cause more damage. They are considered a more accurate reflection of air quality than other pollutants. According to Andrews calculations, the average PM. 5 reading in the first half of 201 3 was about 118 micrograms per cubic meter, compared with 95 last year and 89 in 201 1 . In other words, so far this year the air pollution is about 25 percent worse than the first half of last year, he said. Total numbers of foreigners to Beijing rose in January by 13 percent compared with a year earlier. But following news reports of Januarys smog, they dropped in February by 37 percent compared with February 2012. In June, the number of foreigners to the Chinese capital was down by about 1 9 recent from a year ago, according to the Beijing Tourism Administration. The biggest drop was among Japanese visitors ? 55 percent fewer came to the capital in the first six months. The number of Americans, the biggest single group Of foreign visitors, declined 4 percent to just under 370,000. How long the tourist decline lasts is linked to how quickly the smog clears, economists suggest. Air and water pollution from factories and cars is the outcome of successful economic development and difficult to control because it is difficult or politically infeasible to identify responsible parties, aid Tim Darrell, former director of the Center for Sustainable Tourism at Arizona State university. Thus the air pollution trends in China will be difficult to reverse and their impacts will be significantly negative on the tourism industry, he said. These impacts could be reversed if the government can make significant improvements in air quality and enthusiastically convey these improvements to international travelers. Other economists in the U. S. Re studying data from 18 Chinese provinces from 1999 to 2010 that suggest air pollution hurts levels of foreign visitors. A asters degree thesis by Chinese student Congo Hung at the University of San Francisco was the starting point. She estimated that a 1 percent rise in air pollution will lower the number of foreign tourist arrivals by about 1. 2 percent. The Chinese government has announced ambitious new anti- pollution measures but people whose jobs depend on foreign tourists arent hopeful. The sales manager of the Cumming Garden Hotel, near Attainment Square in central Beijing said guest numbers are down. She said the next three months usually are a busy period but if the slump continues, the hotel sight cut prices. Were still not very much confident about having many inbound tourists next year, said the manager, who would give only her surname, Wang. Pollution in Lack-M ©gigantic at high levels, study says Potential carcinogen found at 394,444 times above normal limit An environmental group is criticizing the government for its handling of the Lack- M ©gigantic, Queue. , cleanup, and says the province is not releasing enough information about the environmental contamination. Nearly 5. 7 million liters Of crude oil spilled out of derailed train cars and leached into the water, soil ND air of Lack-M ©g igantic following the July 6 disaster. But the government has yet to release any information about the potentially harmful contaminants in that oil and their effect on the environment. The Quebec environmental group Socio ©t © pour vainer la pollution (SSP) took matters into its own hands and tested samples from the Chased ©re River, which runs through town, a week after the train derailment. About 5. 7 million liters of crude oil spilled into the air, water and soil in Lack-M ©gigantic, Queue. (CB) The SSP released those results today, which suggest a severe impact on water quality and soil in the effected area. The analysis suggests extremely high levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, a figure 394,444 times the standard acceptable for surface waters mandated by the provincial government. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are potential carcinogens materials commonly found in crude Oil. The toxicity of this oil is quite high, which means people have to take extra precautions during cleanup, said Daniel Green, co-president of the SSP. As well, the concentration of arsenic detected on the waters surface is said to have exceeded the governments acceptable standard by 28 times. The SSP worked in collaboration with Greenback on the study. The organization acknowledged that because of its limited resources, it was unable to perform the chemical analyses required to identify all the toxins, but said it hoped to carry out a second round of tests. Concerns about recontamination The results suggest that the ecosystem could be facing long-term consequences, according to Green. He said many of the contaminants might have settled along the bottom of the river, and if the oil isnt removed before winter, the spring melt could recontamination the shoreline. Floating barriers ere set up along the Chased ©re River after the derailment to stop the spread of oil. (CB) But an environmental assessment expert with McGill University said its possible the concentration is not as widespread as it seems. Proof. Michel A. Boucher said he thinks its more likely the oil sank to several pockets along the bottom of the Chased ©re River. Either way, he said, the government should be more transparent. l dont see why this would be contentious material. I dont think its a public security issue. Frankly, cant give you an answer, Boucher said. Waiting for answers from the province Green said the people of Lack-M ©gigantic should have access to the information they need to protect themselves. So far, information about the exact chemical makeup of the oil has not been made public. The Transportation Safety Board and the Environment Ministry have yet to release the results of their tests. CB News contacted the office of Environment Minister Yves-Franà §ois Blanched, but the ministry was not willing to comment on the findings. Theyve done extensive sampling ? air, water and soil, and weve yet to see any results from the government on this environmental catastrophe, Green said. Feds fining Columbia $1. Million for pollution Federal officials plan to assess $476,400 in fines against the city and require another SSL million to address flooding and cleanse parts of three major streams that flow into Columbians rivers: Rocky Branch, Gills Creek and Smith Branch, according to a proposed consent agreement posted on the citys website. Most importantly, the EPA consent decree establishes a timeline on which to make improvements and assess further penalties if the city does not meet those target dates. While Columbia has had plans to make sewer system upgrades, the EPA order would leave the city less discretion on when o make repairs. Thats what really gives this teeth, Congealer Riverside Bill Strangler said of the EPA consent decree. This lays out what has to be done and when it has to be done. With every incremental decrease in sewer spills and improvements to the wastewater plant, its an important improvement for water quality in our rivers. In the next 18 mon ths to two years, the city must come up with an array of plans to address sewer system problems, then begin work to make repairs and improvements, according to the EPA consent order. The EPA is taking action because it says Columbia has elated and continues to violate the federal Clean Water Act, established some 40 years ago to protect and clean up polluted waterways. The agencys consent decree also says the city has violated its wastewater discharge permit, as well as the S. C. Pollution Control Act. The decree says Columbia has reported numerous sewer overflows and other violations in the past five years. An attempt to reach EPA officials was unsuccessful Monday, but city officials were generally upbeat, despite the Peas enforcement action. Columbia has struggled for years to maintain its sewer system and has had increasing difficulty because the system is so old. The city has drawn fire for diverting millions of dollars from its water and sewer fund for non-water-and- sewer projects. Officials said they are working on improvements. The city has been diligently working to reduce the number of sanitary sewer overflows, Columbia public awareness coordinator Victoria Kramer said, noting that the citys efforts have led to an average annual drop of 26 percent in sewer overflows since 2008. Columbia officials have in recent years committed to spend ab out $500 million upgrading the water and system. And City Council is now discussing spending another $500 million, which is to be funded in part by rising water and Sewer rates. Last year, council approved and then eased rate hikes that caused an uproar among its larger customers. The rates were based on the need to generate $100 million yearly to meet the Peas requirements and to accommodate a growing population. Columbians wastewater system is one of the largest in South Carolina. Its treatment plant has capacity to discharge 60 million gallons per day, while its sewer collection system has about 1 , 1 00 miles of piping. City officials say theyve already made significant investments in upgrading the sewer system, including a $40 million improvement to the treatment plant. The federal order is not final because the city must still sign off on it. Council will discuss approving an ordinance Tuesday that authorizes execution of the consent decree. Consent decrees typically are negotiated settlements between the EPA and those it accuses of violating federal pollution laws.

Too Dry for Sci-Fi (A Book Report on the novel West of January by Dave Duncan...this report is recommended to sci-fi fans)

Too Dry for Sci-Fi (A Book Report on the novel West of January by Dave Duncan...this report is recommended to sci-fi fans) Throughout its phenomenal and interesting history, science fiction has created fans with possibly the highest standards for entertainment. With characters as unforgettable as Data or Chewbacca, and storylines as ingenious as Lord of the Rings or The Matrix, these expectations are self-explanatory. Obviously, Dave Duncan never reviewed these standards when he wrote West of January, or he would have saved the mother ship of fans from the torture of this flavourless, sadistic drama, mistakenly categorized as sci-fi. It should have been placed in the 'self-help' section, because that's exactly what this novel needs. Fans everywhere would be better off if, like Keanu Reeves, discovered that this reality isn't real, that there is no book named West of January, and that it's never really been read.The story takes place on the distance, and incredibly boring, world of Vernier, where it takes the sun two hundred years to rotate once around the planet.campThis forces Vernier's inhabitants to c ontinually move East or they will be scorched by the sun's immense heat. Beam in Knobil, West of January's protagonist. From birth, the blue-eyed, blonde Knobil knows he's different from his browned-eyed brunette race. This introduction sets up for a potentially fantastic novel, but instead his uniqueness sends Knobil on a quest, which descends into a grotesque story of anguish and sadism. Even the unforgiving Sauron wouldn't torture Frodo as Duncan does to Knobil. The plot has no zest or zeal. It only descends deeper into a black hole of misery for Knobil. It's depressing and unentertaining, dry and bitter. Romulan Ale has more flavour.The only thing worse than the plot is the unoriginal, lifeless personality of Knobil, the fulsome all-American hero. Sci-Fi is fantasy. Quirky characters are expected, possibly craved. As their human-like qualities are revealed, even C-3PO and...

Individual Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Individual - Research Proposal Example Interestingly, despite being different documents, both can be used together. The practical as well as the theoretical differences are highlighted below: - Practical Differences A formal research has large differences from a business proposal. The funding structure of formal research and a business proposal are completely different. The funds for a formal research are usually procured from a learning institution, government, or even public bodies. The findings are therefore expected to add value to the pool of knowledge. The business proposal is funded by various firms when it comes to notice that certain problems are contributing negatively towards the achievement of organizational objectives. Although, both the documents may seem to be similar, there are several critical differences between the two in terms of the overall goals, purposes, sections and uses. Identification of these discrete differences allows the researchers to come up with an effective business proposal and formal r esearch. The differences between the two factors are discussed in details in the subsequent section. The formal research is modeled in such a way that can be imitated and aimed at building on the researches carried previously about the subject of concern. The business plan is however aimed at finding the optimal solution to the problem that is being faced by the organization. In addition, business proposals do not allow experiments, but surveys and experiments are allowed by formal research. The source from which data is collected for both the research papers also has major differences. While creating business proposals, researchers usually consider industry reports or authentic electronic sources. In addition, the data used for the formulating the business plan are mostly up-to-date. Formal research usually encompasses latest scholarly articles or books (Finch, 2013). Theoretical Differences A formal research report provides fundamental information and statistics about a particular field or industry. However, it is purely dependent upon the focus of the company. For example, a company may study about the demand of a particular product by researching about the demands of similar products already existing in the market. In addition, the study can be also about the sales figures and values of similar products. Finally, these findings will reveal whether the market for the product being examined is highly saturated, moderately saturated or offers a ripe business opportunity. On the other hand, a business proposal is also a research document that is usually completed for the principal rationale of suggesting a method for completing a particular task in the near future. A business proposal usually describes about the task to be completed, a section to illustrate the approach of the task, the time frame in which the task is to be completed, and outlining the resources and fund required to complete the project. The task which is being highlighted here is usually the launch of a new business. The formal research can be used in many cases, but business plans are usually formulated when a new venture is supposed to be launched. Another striking difference between the two factors is that the formal research paper is principally developed for the purpose of evaluating whether a company should consider development of another products or service. This report is mainly used by financial